Gaslight Square in Saint Louis, Missouri flourished from the early nineteen fifties into the mid-sixties. This entertainment district was located in an area close to the intersection of Olive and Boyle Streets, near what is now known as the Central West End neighborhood.
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Gaslight Square was the name given to the entertainment district built in the mid-1950s. The district was known for its gas lighting street lamps and ornate Victorian style architecture,[1] reflective of the riverboat times around the turn of the century. Gaslight Square quickly became a thriving entertainment district that can be compared to the Delmar Loop area of St. Louis today. The Square occupies the area surrounding Olive and Boyle Streets in the Central West End. The district was popular for music, poetry, great food, and dancing. It was the home to many clubs and restaurants, and entertainment venues.[2]
Brothers Dick and Paul Mutrux are considered by many to be the pioneers of Gaslight square, being proprietors of one of the first saloons in the area, the Gaslight. Another saloon, the Golden Eagle, soon opened, and proprietor Jay Landesman relocated his extremely popular cabaret theatre, the Crystal Palace, to the area as well. Early business owners in Gaslight Square raided recently demolished property in downtown St. Louis to salvage unique items such as church pews, chandeliers, recycled stained glass, and marble bathtubs. These resourceful decorations gave Gaslight Square a youthful, eclectic feel that attracted young beatniks and wealthy customers alike. At its height, Gaslight Square was home to approximately fifty businesses, including taverns, cabarets, restaurants, sidewalk cafes, and antique shops. These businesses provided an array of unique entertainment that combined elements of the past and present. The Opera House had a façade covered in croquet balls and was a venue for Dixieland jazz. The Roaring Twenties was a speakeasy themed bar that included a stage show, mock raids, and staged gangster fights. The Natchez Queen was decorated to resemble a riverboat with live ragtime music inside. By 1962, property values had tripled in Gaslight Square.[3]
The district was greatly affected by dramatic change in culture and music of the late 1950s and 60s when the bohemian and hippie generation began questioning traditional majority values in art, literature, and political self expression.[4] the district attracted many poets and writers, such as Jack Kerouac and Alan Ginsberg who would stop in St. Louis to experience Gaslight Square.[4]
Many entertainers such as The Smothers Brothers, Lenny Bruce, Miles Davis, Barbra Streisand, Jackie Mason, Mike Nichols and Elaine May, Woody Allen, Jerry Stiller, Dick Gregory and Jack E. Leonard gained exposure at the start of their careers in the clubs of Gaslight Square.[2]
Traditional jazz clubs in Gaslight Square included Peacock Alley, Opera House, Bustles and Bows, and Tiger's Den.[5] Modern jazz clubs included The Dark Side, The Other Side, and Jogie's Hip Intertainment.[5] Rosalie Lovett's Left Bank featured barrelhouse bluesman James Crutchfield.[6]
By the late 1960s Gaslight Square had lost its luster, falling victim to the rapid growth of suburbs and urban decay.[7]
By the late 1990s most of the buildings were long gone; those that remained stood open and rapidly deteriorating.[1] For the 20–30 years the district was almost completely vacant. With many empty lots and the remaining buildings dilapidating and empty.
In 2005, many properties within Gaslight Square were bought by the development company RJK Inc. 150 units are planned, mostly condominiums.[8] The new residential properties will sell in the 280k-600k price-range.[9] As of 2008, the vacant lots and condemned buildings are no more. The district is a mixed density residential community with new single family, row homes, small apartments, and condos.[10]
Two documentaries were produced about Gaslight Square within the last several years. Gaslight Square The Forgotten Landmark (Bruce Marren/2002) explores the history by the people who developed the area. Includes interviews with the Smothers Brothers, Jay Landesman,[11] Bob Kuban, and many others.
Gaslight Square The Legend Lives On (Bruce Marren/2005) looks at the influence it had on the city, uncovers relics, and what has happened to it today. Includes interviews with Phyllis Diller, Billy Peek, Jonnie King, and many others.